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Friends! We have compiled a brief dictionary of hand sharpening for you. It is intended to give the novice sharpener a first glimpse of the common terminology of the sharpening craft.
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The dictionary is not of the academic type. The terms do not pretend to be absolutely accurate, but only approximate the slang terms accepted among sharpeners. The terms are not intended to be academic.
A
Abrasive
– a hard, fine-grained material used in grinding, polishing, and sharpening metals. Modern abrasives for sharpening knives are divided into synthetic and natural. The most popular are: aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, diamond and elboron powders.
Almaz
– mineral, cubic allotropic form of carbon. Refers to the most popular abrasives. It is used both in the form of hard bars on various binders, and in the format of polishing pastes.
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B
Baudryd.
– aluminum oxide abrasive stone. It is designed to clean and improve the surface performance of other abrasives, primarily on the hardest possible, metal-bonded abrasives.
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Bolster
– a special insert between the blade and the handle of the knife. It differs from the garda in that the bolster is not intended to protect the hand, but prevents dirt from getting inside the groove of the handle.
B
Visual sharpening inspection is a method of monitoring the condition of the cutting edge during the sharpening process. It can be carried out both with the help of optical devices (magnifying glass, microscope) and without them (“glare sharpening”).
G
The guard is the part of the knife responsible for hand rest. On a knife, it is located between the handle and the blade or between the heel of the blade and the handle. It is designed to protect the hand from slipping on the blade during a stabbing or chopping blow.
GOI
– polishing paste based on chromium oxide. It is used in mechanized sharpening for finishing operations on a felt wheel. In manual knife sharpening it is used with lappers.
Grinder.
– An electrical device designed for grinding, machining, and cutting metals. It is widely used in the mechanized sharpening of knives and other tools, mainly in “coarse sharpening” (see coarse sharpening).
D
Abrasive holder
Finishing
– The final stage of knife sharpening, in which the pads are polished and deburring is completed (see deburr). It can be carried out both with the use of hard-bonded sharpening stones and with the use of polishing pastes on various lappers. Duration and thoroughness of finishing operations depend on the purpose of the knife and requirements to its working qualities.
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– A single or paired device for securing knives and other tools in sharpening machines. It allows you to securely fix the blade of the knife, so that a stable angle is maintained during sharpening.
A folding knife lock is a special device for securing the blade on a folding knife. Locks have many different designs and are characterized by their ease of use and durability.
Bar contaminationparasitic risk).
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Sharpening device (for manual sharpening) is a special device for sharpening knives and other tools. The main technical feature of such a device is the stable retention of a given angle of sharpening and the creation of maximum symmetry on both sides of the approach.
Burr
– deformed metal on the edge of the blade being sharpened during machining. The work of removing the burr is the main purpose of sharpening operations, and the quality of its removal, one of the main criteria for assessing the overall quality of sharpening.
Grain (abrasive) is a particle of abrasive material in the form of crystals and their fragments. It is the main element of the abrasive and is directly involved in the processing of metal.
Grit of an abrasive bar (grit) – a characteristic of a particular set of grains, expressed by the size of the main fraction, which predominates in mass, volume or number of grains. By grain size, abrasives are classified as coarse (roughing), for basic sharpening and finishing (finishing). It is measured according to various systems of standards: GOST, FEPA, JIS, ANSI, etc.
K
Silicon carbide – a binary inorganic chemical compound of silicon and carbon. The chemical formula is SiC. One of the most widely used materials in manual knife sharpening. It is used in hard (most often ceramic) bonded bar format. Can be used with both water and oil.
Carriage.
– sharpening chisels, chisels, planer knives and other carpentry tools. Allows you to set the tool on top of the abrasive plane, fix the necessary angle and sharpen it on “full-format” sharpening stones.
Kitchen knife is a specialized knife designed for food preparation. It can come in a variety of sizes and blade thicknesses. It is the most commonly sharpened item.
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Convex (convex)
– geometry of the knife blade, in the form of a convex lens. It allows the knife to perform forceful work on hard materials with the use of less effort in contrast to the V-shaped geometry of descents, and also demonstrates high strength when working “on the break”. Such blades, with a large thickness of the edge (from 4 mm) can not only cut, but also chop.
L
Lens.
– A slang term for sharpening into convex (convex) geometry. (see convex).
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M
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Sharpening Oil
– a specially formulated liquid, a type of lubricating-cooling fluid (coolant) designed to improve abrasive sliding during manual sharpening.
Abrasive Cleaner Oil is a specially formulated liquid designed to clean hard bonded abrasive stones from sludge (residue from cut metal and lubricating fluids).
Microfeed (microbevel) is the lower part of the feed that forms the cutting edge. It is sharpened to a blunter angle than the undercut above it. It is used to increase the strength of the cutting edge during forceful work.
Musat is a hand tool in the form of a metal or ceramic rod designed to quickly sharpen and straighten the cutting edge of a knife. Most often created from aluminum oxide, steel, as well as diamond powder on a galvanic bond. Produced in various sizes, it is used for dressing kitchen knives as well as tourist, folding and hunting knives.
H
Judge.
– a natural abrasive, a mixture of corundum (alpha aluminum oxide) and magnetite (black magnetic iron oxide Fe3O4). In specialized jargon, an electric sharpening device with one or two abrasive wheels.
Lens sharpening attachment.
– a special device for sharpening knives “in the lens”, i.e. convex approach geometry (see Handle pads are special strips fixed on the knife handle to increase grip comfort. They can be made of various materials: wood, horn, polymers, rubber, etc.
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Stainless steel is steel that has been alloyed with chromium (Cr) to improve the corrosion resistance of the metal. It was first patented in 1912. The amount of chromium required to designate a steel as stainless is in the range of 12-20%.
Knife.
– stabbing, cutting and
Chopping tool, the working part of which is blade -a strip made of hard material (in most cases metal), with a blade that is sharpened on one or both sides. Knife sharpening is the main function of modern manual sharpening devices.
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Roughingcoarse sharpening).
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The edge of a knife is the opposite edge of the blade that is not sharpened. On the blade has the greatest thickness and is the basis of mechanical strength of any blade product.
Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is a white refractory substance, a binary compound of aluminum and oxygen. It is used for sharpening in the form of artificial corundum (electrocorundum). One of the most popular abrasive materials for manual sharpening. Most often used in the form of ceramic and magnesia-bonded stones and polishing pastes. It is used for processing steel with hardness up to 63 HRC.
Optics for sharpening – optical devices of various powers used to monitor the sharpening process. These include magnifying glasses (loupes) as well as optical and electron microscopes. Allows you to visually monitor the state of the approach and cutting edge of the knife, the course of deburring, the size of the sharpening risk, etc.
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Hunting knife is a kind of knife used for hunting. It has a fairly large strength and thickness of the blade. Varieties of hunting knives are: skinning knives, camp knives and knives for catching game.
P
Parasite Risk
– traces (scratches) arising on the blade’s base as a result of working with an abrasive “contaminated” with grain of a larger fraction. Such a risk is detected by visual inspection of the underfeed with optical means (see visual inspection of sharpening).
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Polishing Paste.
– is a special abrasive composition designed to grout various damages on metal, ceramic, glass and other surfaces. The composition is characterized by a viscous consistency, can be made on the basis of water, fats, polymers. In manual sharpening it is used at the stage of knife finishing (see finishing).
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The turning mechanism is a special mechanism of the sharpening device, by means of which, during the sharpening process, the knife is turned without re-installation in the clamps, while maintaining the set angle.
The garter
– the part of the blade below the descenders that forms the cutting edge. It is the formation and maintenance of the angles of the blade, is the main purpose of the application of any sharpening devices.
Powdered steel is steel ground to powder that undergoes a process of atomization, crystallization and baking. As a result of this processing cycle, the so-called “powder remodeling” takes place – the steel receives a large amount of carbides, and can be alloyed with additional elements in greater quantities than standard rolled counterparts.
Printer (in manual sharpening) is a special bar designed to apply polishing paste to its surface. It is used with diamond and elborovyh pastes, as well as pastes based on aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, etc.. It can be made of various materials: wood (oak, ebony, lime, etc.), metal (cast iron, copper, bronze), getinax, glass, etc.
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Natural Abrasive
– Natural stones with high abrasiveness, capable of shearing metal in the sharpening process. They belong to various geological rocks: slates, quartzites, sandstones, etc. Until the early 20th century, they were the main abrasive materials for home and industrial sharpening.
The blade sharpener is a special sharpening device with a V-shaped abrasive arrangement. The knife is sharpened by pulling the blade between the abrasives, which can be either ceramic or diamond-coated metal.
The blade’s heel
– (from pęta “thick part, heel”), ricasso (ital. ricasso), choil (English.choil) – not sharpened part of blade, adjacent to guard or directly to the hilt of blade weapon or tool. In manual sharpening, the presence of a heel plays an important role, as it allows you to use it to fix the blade of the knife in the clamps.
P
The pivot frame is the part of the sharpening device to which the clamps that secure the knife are attached. It is made of metal. In most cases, the frame is designed to allow the clamps to slide along its length for easy knife retention.
The cutting edge (of a knife)
– The edge of the blade which, when in use, creates the line of contact between the blade and the surface to be cut. It is formed by the two sides of the lead, or in the case of single-sided (“chisel”) sharpening, the lead and the plane of the blade.
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Ricasso
– unsharpened part of the blade (see
heel of the blade).
The pivot lever is a special locking device on TSPROF machines that locks the pivot frame in a horizontal position. It can be located either on the side of the slewing gear axis, or on the top or bottom of it.
C
Knife Taper – the thickness of the blade at the edge of the transition of the escapement to the undercut. It is measured in fractions of a millimeter. Thickness of information – this is one of the most important indicators of the cutting qualities of the knife, because immediately after the initial cutting through any material cutting edge, the plunge of the blade to the depth of the descent is due to the information. The smaller this value is, the less force (“easier”) the knife cuts with.
The chamfers.
– is a structural element of the blade, formed at the stage of locksmithing of the workpiece. It is intended to increase the cutting properties of the knife. It is a narrowing of the metal plate of the blade to the cutting edge. Chutes can have a wide variety of shapes, but most blade products use three shapes: straight, concave and convex.
Folding knife.
– knife whose blade retracts into the hilt. Today there are many designs of hilt and ways of fixing the blade in it.
Straightening glass – a special tempered glass designed to align abrasives by rubbing a bar against its surface. Alignment can take place with abrasive powders (silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, and various polishing pastes).
Stage sharpening.
– A special angle-increasing sharpening method that adjusts the angle by a fraction of a degree after each abrasive change. It allows a more precise abrasive exit on the cutting edge and faster sharpening of the knife compared to standard sharpening. Can also be used to remove “foil burr” (see The technological barrier (in manual knife sharpening) is a method of removing a persistent, “foiled” burr by moving an abrasive bar across the surface of the knife’s cutting edge at a 90-degree angle.
The sharpening angle is the angle formed by the edges of the blade’s approach. The most important parameter for the cutting properties of blade products. The formation of an identical and geometrically correct angle of sharpening on both sides of the approach is the main goal of sharpening knives and tools.
Carbon steel (carbon)
– A tool or structural steel containing no alloying additives. It is divided into low carbon (up to 0.25% carbon), medium carbon (0.25 to 0.60% carbon), and high carbon (0.60 to 2% carbon). It is susceptible to corrosion and requires maintenance.
Angle gauge (in sharpening)
– A measuring tool designed to determine sharpening angles. It can be either mechanical or electronic, such as the specialized TSPROF AxicubeE
Elbor (borazon, cubic boron nitride).
– superhard abrasive, belonging together with diamond to the group of so-called “superabrasives”. It is able to quickly process any steel of hardness up to 70 HRC. It is used in abrasive bars on various bonds (metal, galvanic, organic, etc.), as well as in the form of polishing pastes.
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W
Sharpening is the saturation of the surface of a material with abrasive (mostly paste-like) materials. It is used in molding and lapping work in production and in the repair/restoration of geometric dimensions of mainly hard metal bodies. At manual sharpening is used in work with cast iron, copper, brass and other lappers.
The hinge unit (w/u) is a part of the sharpening device that holds the abrasive holder rod at a given angle and allows it to make longitudinal-sliding movements on the knife feed.
Sludge (when sharpening)
– crushed particles of cut metal, which remain on the abrasive and the blade feed as a black mass.
F
Foil burr is a type of burr that does not separate from the cutting edge during sharpening. It occurs in the presence of defects in the heat treatment of the steel of the blade. To remove it, it requires the use of special techniques: step sharpening or technological barrier.